NetBSD Problem Report #50435

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Date: Mon, 16 Nov 2015 16:25:41 +0000 (UTC)
From: userm57@yahoo.com
Reply-To: userm57@yahoo.com
To: gnats-bugs@NetBSD.org
Subject: "BSD/Mac68k Booter" can't boot cross-compiled kernels from the NetBSD root partition.
X-Send-Pr-Version: www-1.0

>Number:         50435
>Category:       port-mac68k
>Synopsis:       "BSD/Mac68k Booter" can't boot cross-compiled kernels from the NetBSD root partition.
>Confidential:   no
>Severity:       serious
>Priority:       high
>Responsible:    port-mac68k-maintainer
>State:          open
>Class:          sw-bug
>Submitter-Id:   net
>Arrival-Date:   Mon Nov 16 16:30:00 +0000 2015
>Last-Modified:  Tue Nov 17 00:05:01 +0000 2015
>Originator:     Stanley Johnson
>Release:        NetBSD 7.0 (release) with customized kernel
>Organization:
N/A
>Environment:
NetBSD maclciii 7.0 NetBSD 7.0 (MACLCIII) #1: Tue Nov 10 03:33:23 MST 2015  root@maclciii:/usr/src/sys/arch/mac68k/compile/MACLCIII mac68k
>Description:
A kernel compiled on a Mac LC III and optimized for a 68030 boots successfully from the NetBSD "/" partition using "BSD/Mac68k Booter". However, a kernel that is cross-compiled on a MacBook Pro running Debian GNU/Linux 7.8 using the same configuration file will not boot directly from the NetBSD "/" partition, though the compressed version will boot from Mac OS.  "BSD/Mac68k Booter" complains that the cross-compiled kernel is not in a format that it can execute.

It's important to be able to boot directly from the NetBSD root partition; otherwise, kernels have to be maintained in both Mac OS and NetBSD.
>How-To-Repeat:
Compile a kernel on a native 68030 system (about 2-3 days on a Mac LC III).  Confirm that it will boot from the "/" partition using "BSD/Mac68k Booter".  Then re-compile with the same configuration file using a cross compiler (takes just a few minutes).  The resulting kernel will not be bootable from the NetBSD "/" partition.
>Fix:

>Audit-Trail:
From: Martin Husemann <martin@duskware.de>
To: gnats-bugs@NetBSD.org
Cc: 
Subject: Re: port-mac68k/50435: "BSD/Mac68k Booter" can't boot cross-compiled kernels from the NetBSD root partition.
Date: Mon, 16 Nov 2015 17:41:26 +0100

 Can you please show the output of the following commands (on NetBSD) with the
 kernel file you can not boot (substitute the proper file name for /netbsd):

 	file /netbsd
 	readelf -l /netbsd
 	readelf -h /netbsd

 Thanks!

 Martin

From: Mac User <userm57@yahoo.com>
To: gnats-bugs@NetBSD.org
Cc: Martin Husemann <martin@duskware.de>, 
 port-mac68k-maintainer@netbsd.org, gnats-admin@netbsd.org, 
 netbsd-bugs@netbsd.org
Subject: Re: port-mac68k/50435: "BSD/Mac68k Booter" can't boot cross-compiled
 kernels from the NetBSD root partition.
Date: Mon, 16 Nov 2015 10:10:25 -0700

 > From: Martin Husemann <martin@duskware.de>
 > ...
 >  Can you please show the output of the following commands (on NetBSD) with the
 >  kernel file you can not boot (substitute the proper file name for /netbsd):
 >  
 >  	file /netbsd
 >  	readelf -l /netbsd
 >  	readelf -h /netbsd
 >  
 >  Thanks!
 >  
 >  Martin
 >  

 1) *** Cross-compiled kernel ***

 # ls -l /netbsd.new
 -rwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  2190185 Nov 16 09:52 /netbsd.new

 # file /netbsd.new
 /netbsd.new: ELF 32-bit MSB executable, Motorola m68k, 68020, version 1
 (SYSV), statically linked, for NetBSD 7.0, not stripped

 # readelf -l /netbsd.new

 Elf file type is EXEC (Executable file)
 Entry point 0x2e00
 There are 1 program headers, starting at offset 52

 Program Header:
   Type           Offset   VirtAddr   PhysAddr   FileSiz MemSiz  Flg Align
   LOAD           0x000080 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x1a0054 0x1b30c0 RWE 0x40

  Section to Segment mapping:
   Segment Sections...
    00     .text .rodata link_set_bufq_strats link_set_modules
 link_set_dkwedge_methods link_set_evcnts link_set_sysctl_funcs
 link_set_domains link_set_prop_linkpools .eh_frame .data .bss

 # readelf -h /netbsd.new
 ELF Header:
   Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 02 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
   Class:                             ELF32
   Data:                              2's complement, big endian
   Version:                           1 (current)
   OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V
   ABI Version:                       0
   Type:                              EXEC (Executable file)
   Machine:                           MC68000
   Version:                           0x1
   Entry point address:               0x2e00
   Start of program headers:          52 (bytes into file)
   Start of section headers:          1732408 (bytes into file)
   Flags:                             0x0
   Size of this header:               52 (bytes)
   Size of program headers:           32 (bytes)
   Number of program headers:         1
   Size of section headers:           40 (bytes)
   Number of section headers:         19
   Section header string table index: 16

 2) *** Locally-compiled (Mac LC III) kernel (currently running) ***

 # ls -l /netbsd
 -rwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  2190082 Nov 10 03:37 /netbsd

 # file /netbsd
 /netbsd: ELF 32-bit MSB executable, Motorola m68k, 68020, version 1
 (SYSV), statically linked, for NetBSD 7.0, not stripped

 # readelf -l /netbsd

 Elf file type is EXEC (Executable file)
 Entry point 0x2e00
 There are 1 program headers, starting at offset 52

 Program Header:
   Type           Offset   VirtAddr   PhysAddr   FileSiz MemSiz  Flg Align
   LOAD           0x000080 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x1a0054 0x1b30c0 RWE 0x40

  Section to Segment mapping:
   Segment Sections...
    00     .text .rodata link_set_bufq_strats link_set_modules
 link_set_dkwedge_methods link_set_evcnts link_set_sysctl_funcs
 link_set_domains link_set_prop_linkpools .eh_frame .data .bss

 # readelf -h /netbsd
 ELF Header:
   Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 02 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
   Class:                             ELF32
   Data:                              2's complement, big endian
   Version:                           1 (current)
   OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V
   ABI Version:                       0
   Type:                              EXEC (Executable file)
   Machine:                           MC68000
   Version:                           0x1
   Entry point address:               0x2e00
   Start of program headers:          52 (bytes into file)
   Start of section headers:          1732412 (bytes into file)
   Flags:                             0x0
   Size of this header:               52 (bytes)
   Size of program headers:           32 (bytes)
   Number of program headers:         1
   Size of section headers:           40 (bytes)
   Number of section headers:         19
   Section header string table index: 16

 Note: This is the error reported by "BSD/Mac68k Booter" for /netbsd.new
 (earlier I thought the error was something to the effect that the file
 was in a format that the BSD/Mac68k Booter couldn't execute):

 Booting...
 transparent = 1
 Huh????

 Boot error: Failed to read header from kernel image - read 0 bytes.

 *********** Boot Stopped. ***********
 Boot error: kernel_parse(COUNT_KERNEL) failed

 *********** Boot Stopped. ***********

From: Mac User <userm57@yahoo.com>
To: gnats-bugs@NetBSD.org
Cc: Martin Husemann <martin@duskware.de>, 
 port-mac68k-maintainer@netbsd.org, gnats-admin@netbsd.org, 
 netbsd-bugs@netbsd.org
Subject: Re: port-mac68k/50435: "BSD/Mac68k Booter" can't boot cross-compiled
 kernels from the NetBSD root partition.
Date: Mon, 16 Nov 2015 15:12:39 -0700

 Update:

 Using
 makeoptions	COPTS="-O2 -m68030"

 instead of
 makeoptions	COPTS="-Os -m68030"

 in the config file makes (at least some) cross-compiled kernels
 bootable, though somewhat larger:

 -rwxr-xr-x 1 johnson johnson 2190185 Nov 14 13:54 MACLCIII/netbsd
 -rwxr-xr-x 1 johnson johnson 2496135 Nov 16 14:38 TESTLCIII/netbsd

 Stand by...  I'm checking whether the GENERIC kernel (using sbc instead
 of ncrscsi) works if -Os is specified instead of -O2...

 % diff GENERIC GENERICTEST
 27c27,28
 < makeoptions	COPTS="-O2 -fno-reorder-blocks"	# see share/mk/sys.mk
 ---
 > #makeoptions	COPTS="-O2 -fno-reorder-blocks"	# see share/mk/sys.mk
 > makeoptions	COPTS="-Os -fno-reorder-blocks"	# see share/mk/sys.mk
 254,255c255,256
 < ncrscsi0 at obio? addr 0		# SCSI NCR 5380
 < #sbc0	at obio? addr 0 flags 0x1	# MI SCSI NCR 5380
 ---
 > #ncrscsi0 at obio? addr 0		# SCSI NCR 5380
 > sbc0	at obio? addr 0 flags 0x1	# MI SCSI NCR 5380

 The GENERICTEST kernel failed.

 So it appears that the use of -Os instead of -O2 causes the
 cross-compiled kernel to be (always?) unbootable, and it's likely that
 some other combination of options makes "BSD/Mac68k Booter" think that
 the resulting kernel file is not in a format that it can execute (I can
 try to isolate a test case for that if it would be helpful).

 -Stan

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